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Alexandria ( or ; Literary Arabic: ; ; Ancient Greek: ) Alexandria was founded around a small Ancient Egyptian town ''c.'' 331 BC by Alexander the Great. It became an important center of the Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Hellenistic and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1000 years until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (later absorbed into Cairo). Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria (''Pharos''), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its Great Library (the largest in the ancient world; now replaced by a modern one); and the Necropolis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Alexandria was the second most powerful city of the ancient world after Rome. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty. From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world, both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton. ==Names== * Literary Arabic: ' * ' ; also informally: ' * ' *(フランス語:Alexandrie) * Koine Greek: (approximate late koine pronunciation: (:alɛˈksandɾia e kat ˈɛʝypton)) "Alexandria in Egypt" *(イタリア語:Alessandria d'Egitto) ("Alexandria in Egypt") *(ポーランド語:Aleksandria) * Portuguese: ''Alexandria'' *(スペイン語:Alejandría) *(トルコ語:İskenderiye) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alexandria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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